Monday, August 3, 2009

Short-tailed shearwaters (Puffinus tenuirostris), known in Australia as muttonbirds

Short-tailed shearwaters (Puffins tenuirostris) are seabirds of the Procellariidae family. They feed on krill, squid and fish including sardines (called pilchards in Australia) which are used as baitfish and, in frozen form, to pamper young tuna in off-shore tuna farming pens. In Australia, the short-tailed shearwaters are known as mutton birds, also written in one word as compositum muttonbird. Biologically, they are more interesting than linguistically [1]:
The short-tailed shearwaters (Puffins tenuirostris) make one of the longest migrations of any bird, flying annually from their nesting sites in the Aleutian Islands and Japan to South Australia, a round trip of twenty thousand miles. Known as muttonbirds here because the early settlers plucked them from their burrows and ate them when other food was scarce, they are, like many other seabirds, competent in the air, on land, and in the water. [...] Muttonbirds are not plunge-divers like the gulls and terns, but usually wait on the surface, like ducks, poking their heads underwater to spot a sinking baitfish. They will then dive to catch the fish; properly positioned, you can see them “flying” underwater in their pursuit. They usually resurface—looking perfectly dry because their feathers are waterproof—and sit on the surface like ducks, but occasionally they will do something that startingly emphasizes their mastery of multiple elements: from underwater swimming they break the surface and keep right on going, passing through the water/air interface and taking flight.
Puffins tenuirostris Dictionary
Scientific name:
Puffins tenuirostris (Temminck, 1836)
English common name: Short-tailed shearwater
French common name: Puffin à bec grête
German common name: Kurzschwanz-Sturmtaucher (also: Millionen-Sturmtaucher [4])
Spanish common name: Pardela cola corta


References
[1] Richard Ellis:
Tuna • Love, Death and Mercury. First Vintage Books Edition, July 2009; page 7.
[2]
Puffinus tenuirostris, Short-tailed Shearwater at http://www.borealforest.org/world/birds/short_tailed_shearwater.htm
[3]
Taxonomy and Nomenclature: ITIS Report
[4] Grzimeks Tierleben • Siebenter Band • Vögel 1, page 150.

Saturday, August 1, 2009

Walcott Quarry named after paleontologist Charles Doolittle Walcott

The Walcott Quarry at Canada's Burgess Shale fossil repository is named after fossil collector and Smithsonian Institution secretary Charles Doolittle Walcott [1]:
[...] the most famous Burgess Shale site, a tennis-court size rock exposure now called Walcott Quarry, where Walcott first found fossils [in the summer of 1909]. Over nine field seasons he collected 65,000 specimens, and the site has since been picked over by innumerable expeditions; [...]
In his book Wonderful Life, Stephen Jay Gould refers to Walcott's work and puts Walcott's findings into current context of problems related to the scientific identification of fossils and their taxonomic groupings. Burgess-type fossils have now been discovered around the globe and the study of their similarities or dissimilarities generates new insights in evolutionary biology and on life during the Cambrian Period.

Reference
[1] Siobhan Roberts: Evolution's Big BangA storied trove of fossils from Canada's Burgess Shale is yielding new clues to an explosion of life on earth. Smithsonian August 2009, Volume 40, Number 5, pp.15-17.

Burgess Shale named after nearby Mount Burgess

The Burgess Shale is a rich repository of well-preserved fossils from the Cambrian age. It is located in the Yoho National Park of British Columbia, Canada, and is named after Mount Burgess in the Canadian Rockies [1]. Fossil organisms, found there, are called Burgess specimens:
The Burgess Shale is Mecca for paleontologists. Charles Doolittle Walcott, the fourth Secretary of the Smithsonian Institution, discovered this rich fossil bed a century ago, in the summer of 1909, and named it for nearby Mount Burgess. [...] The exquisitely preserved Burgess specimens (most likely entombed by underwater mudslides) include the remnants of soft-bodied organisms, which are rare in the fossil record. The animals inhabitated the ocean floor 505 million year ago, near the end of the Cambrian Period.
Reference
[1] Siobhan Roberts: Evolution's Big BangA storied trove of fossils from Canada's Burgess Shale is yielding new clues to an explosion of life on earth. Smithsonian August 2009, Volume 40, Number 5, pp.15-17.

Friday, July 24, 2009

A short notation for 1,1'-(alkane-1,ω-diyl)-bis(pyridinium): Cn(Py)2

The short form Cn(Py)2 is used to refer to the class of 1,1'-(alkane-1,ω-diyl)-bis(pyridinium) cations. The subscript n is a whole number. With n=4, for instance, we get C4(Py)2 encoding the class member 1,1'-(butane-1,4-diyl)-bis(pyridinium). The ion entry forms of the Chemical Property Viewer accept short notations encoding this cation class and members thereof. To access chemical data of the ionic compound 1,1'-(butane-1,4-diyl)-bis(pyridinium) dihexafluorophosphate ([C4(Py)2][PF6]2), for example, enter C4(Py)2 or Cn(Py)2 for the cation and PF6 for the anion without any mark-up of the subscripts.

Selected publication using explained short notation
X.-Z. Yang, J. Wang, Z.-Z. Zhang and G.-S. Li: Solubilities of 1,1'-(Butane-1,4-diyl)-bis(pyridinium) Dihexafluorophosphate in Acetone + Water from (278.15 to 328.15) K. J. Chem Eng. Data 2009, 54, 1385-1388. DOI: 10.1021/je800893n

Thursday, July 23, 2009

Teflonates — an anion class name derived from the trade name Teflon

The word teflonate is derived from the brand name Teflon, commonly used to denote the perfluorinated polymer poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE). Chemically, teflonates are not derived from Teflon. The word teflonate applies to any member of the following anion class: [Al(ORF)4]. The anions of this class are aluminates(-1) (also: alumanuides), consisting of a central aluminum atom that is tetrasubstituted by perfluoroalkoxy (ORF) groups. The molecular surface (molecular envelope) of a teflonate anion is dominated by fluorine atoms adjacent to carbon atoms (C-F bonds), similar to the surface of a Teflon macromolecule. This explains, why some chemists like to assign a name similarity between Teflon and [Al(ORF)4](tetra(perfluoroalkoxy)aluminates(-1) or tetra(perfluoroalkoxy)alumanuides).

Interest
electrochemistry, charge distribution, cation-anion interaction, ionic compounds, ionic liquid design

Teflonate English-German dictionary
English: Singular: teflonate, Plural: teflonates
German (including definite grammatical article): Singular: das Teflonat (neutral), Plural: die Teflonate

Further reading (in German)
Nils Trapp und Ingo Krossing: Exotisches und Nützliches • Mit schwach koordinierenden Anionen lassen sich viele instabile exotische Kationen stabilisieren. Dennoch sind diese Anionen nicht nur eine Laborspielerei – Anwendungen finden sich in der Katalyse, in der Polymerisation oder als Elekrolyte. Nachrichten aus der Chemie Juni 2009, 57, 632-637.

Wednesday, July 22, 2009

Acronyms: CAO, CEO, CFO, CIO, COO and CTO

These acronyms stand for chief managing positions in a company. A person holding such a position can be considered as a Chief Managing Officer (CMO). Now you may guess the meaning of the acronyms by replacing the word Managing by a word describing an activity or department critical to the success of a company:

CAO: Chief Advertising Officer
CEO: Chief Executive Officer
CFO: Chief Financial Officer
CIO: Chief Information Officer
COO: Chief Operating Officer
CTO: Chief Technology Officer

Of course, it doesn't stop here. CSO, for example, can refer to a Chief Strategy Officer, Chief Security Officer, or Chief Sourcing Officer. And who hasn't heard of a Chief Disinformation Officer (CDO) or a Chief Vacationing Officer (CVO)?

Sunday, July 12, 2009

Acronym: WESRF for Wallace Energy Systems & Renewables Facility

The WESRF research center has been named
in memory of [Alan] Wallace, who died in 2006, but the Wallace Energy Systems & Renewables Facility (WESRF) is familiarly known as “We Surf.”
Alan Wallace was a professor of electrical engineering at Oregon State University, where he along with Annette von Jouanne and others shared their fascination of ocean's power and studied wave-energy converters.
At WESRF, research and testing is focusing on (although not limited to) surfing objects including an all-electric naval ship, a hovercraft and buoys such as wave-energy converters designed by von Jouanne.

Reference

Elizabeth Rusch: Catching a Wave • Engineer Annette von Jouanne is pioneering an ingenious way to generate clean, renewable electricity from the sea. Smithsonian July 2009, Volume 40, Number 4, pp. 66-71.